See crwth on Wiktionary
{
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"3": "*kruttos",
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"type": "quote"
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"An archaic stringed instrument associated particularly with Wales, though once played widely in Europe, and characterized by a vaulted back and enough space for the player to stop each of the six strings on the fingerboard. Played variously by plucking or bowing."
],
"id": "en-crwth-en-noun-9O-wM-Xe",
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[
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],
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{
"word": "chrotta"
},
{
"word": "rote"
},
{
"word": "crowd"
},
{
"word": "cruth"
},
{
"word": "crowth"
},
{
"word": "crouth"
}
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{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kʻrotʻ",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"word": "քրոթ"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"word": "krouzh"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crwth"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crouth"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rote"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Crwth"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruit"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crotta"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kruth",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"word": "क्रुथ"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"word": "crowde"
},
{
"code": "ru",
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"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кро́та"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crota"
},
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"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"word": "crwth"
}
],
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"crwth"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/kɹuθ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɹuːθ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
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},
{
"rhymes": "-uːθ"
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "crwth"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kruθ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kruθ",
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},
{
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"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kruttos",
"t": "round thing"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "krūtis",
"3": "",
"4": "breast, bust"
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
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"name": "der"
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{
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"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "crott",
"t": "harp, lute"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish crott (“harp, lute”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh crwth, from Proto-Brythonic *kruθ, from Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”), perhaps related to Latvian krūtis (“breast, bust”), from Proto-Indo-European *krū̆t; but it could instead be loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate. Possibly related to Proto-Celtic *krundis (“round”). Compare Old Irish crott (“harp, lute”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crythau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
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]
},
{
"form": "crwth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "grwth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghrwth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
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},
{
"form": "chrwth",
"source": "mutation",
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{
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{
"kind": "topical",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 13 38 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "cy",
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"orig": "cy:Animal sounds",
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"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 6 25 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "cy",
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"orig": "cy:String instruments",
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"Culture",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"crwth; fiddle, violin, viol"
],
"id": "en-crwth-cy-noun-vKjYUvYi",
"links": [
[
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"music"
],
[
"crwth",
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],
[
"fiddle",
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],
[
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"violin"
],
[
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"viol"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) crwth; fiddle, violin, viol"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 13 38 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Animal sounds",
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"Sound",
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"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"purring (of a cat)"
],
"id": "en-crwth-cy-noun-NW0bqRAK",
"links": [
[
"purring",
"purring"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Animal sounds",
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"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hump, hunch on the back, convexity; hunchback; hunchbacked, rounded, bent, convex"
],
"id": "en-crwth-cy-noun-bPlqQoVH",
"links": [
[
"hump",
"hump"
],
[
"hunch",
"hunch"
],
[
"convexity",
"convexity"
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[
"hunchback",
"hunchback"
],
[
"hunchbacked",
"hunchbacked"
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[
"rounded",
"rounded"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
],
[
"convex",
"convex"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
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"kind": "topical",
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"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anything of round or bulging shape, especially a vessel, basket, box"
],
"id": "en-crwth-cy-noun-bzccAeEz",
"links": [
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"bulging",
"bulging"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"basket",
"basket"
],
[
"box",
"box"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/kruːθ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "crwth"
}
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"word": "crowder"
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{
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],
"word": "Crowder"
}
],
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"3": "crowde"
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"expansion": "Middle English crowde",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "crwth"
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"expansion": "Welsh crwth",
"name": "der"
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kruttos",
"t": "round thing"
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"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”)",
"name": "der"
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],
"etymology_text": "From earlier crowd, from Middle English crowde, reinforced by and cognate to Welsh crwth; ultimately from Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”).",
"forms": [
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"form": "crwths",
"tags": [
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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"English words without vowels",
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"Rhymes:English/uːθ",
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"Terms with Armenian translations",
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"ref": "1895, John Frederick Rowbotham, The Troubadours and Courts of Love:",
"text": "We find in one period crwths, with the strings twanged with the right hand, and stopped above with the left, being held as we hold a violoncello to-day, but being small, on the lap.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An archaic stringed instrument associated particularly with Wales, though once played widely in Europe, and characterized by a vaulted back and enough space for the player to stop each of the six strings on the fingerboard. Played variously by plucking or bowing."
],
"links": [
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[
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[
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"Wales"
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[
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"Europe"
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[
"fingerboard",
"fingerboard"
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[
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[
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"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An archaic stringed instrument associated particularly with Wales, though once played widely in Europe, and characterized by a vaulted back and enough space for the player to stop each of the six strings on the fingerboard. Played variously by plucking or bowing."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"wikipedia": [
"crwth"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹuθ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɹuːθ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-crwth.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/En-us-crwth.ogg/En-us-crwth.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-us-crwth.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːθ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chrotta"
},
{
"word": "rote"
},
{
"word": "crowd"
},
{
"word": "cruth"
},
{
"word": "crowth"
},
{
"word": "crouth"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kʻrotʻ",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"word": "քրոթ"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"word": "krouzh"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crwth"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crouth"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rote"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Crwth"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruit"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crotta"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kruth",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"word": "क्रुथ"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"word": "crowde"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "króta",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кро́та"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crota"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
"word": "crwth"
}
],
"word": "crwth"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms derived from substrate languages",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"cy:Animal sounds",
"cy:String instruments"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "crwth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh crwth",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kruθ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kruθ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kruttos",
"t": "round thing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "krūtis",
"3": "",
"4": "breast, bust"
},
"expansion": "Latvian krūtis (“breast, bust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krū̆t"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krū̆t",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*krundis",
"3": "",
"4": "round"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *krundis (“round”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "crott",
"t": "harp, lute"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish crott (“harp, lute”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh crwth, from Proto-Brythonic *kruθ, from Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”), perhaps related to Latvian krūtis (“breast, bust”), from Proto-Indo-European *krū̆t; but it could instead be loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate. Possibly related to Proto-Celtic *krundis (“round”). Compare Old Irish crott (“harp, lute”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crythau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crwth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "grwth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghrwth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chrwth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "crythau"
},
"expansion": "crwth m (plural crythau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"cy:Musical instruments"
],
"glosses": [
"crwth; fiddle, violin, viol"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"crwth",
"crwth#English"
],
[
"fiddle",
"fiddle"
],
[
"violin",
"violin"
],
[
"viol",
"viol"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) crwth; fiddle, violin, viol"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"purring (of a cat)"
],
"links": [
[
"purring",
"purring"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hump, hunch on the back, convexity; hunchback; hunchbacked, rounded, bent, convex"
],
"links": [
[
"hump",
"hump"
],
[
"hunch",
"hunch"
],
[
"convexity",
"convexity"
],
[
"hunchback",
"hunchback"
],
[
"hunchbacked",
"hunchbacked"
],
[
"rounded",
"rounded"
],
[
"bent",
"bent"
],
[
"convex",
"convex"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anything of round or bulging shape, especially a vessel, basket, box"
],
"links": [
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"bulging",
"bulging"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"basket",
"basket"
],
[
"box",
"box"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruːθ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "crwth"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crwth meaning in All languages combined (8.7kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: grwth, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"crwth"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "crwth",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: nghrwth, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"crwth"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "crwth",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: chrwth, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"crwth"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "crwth",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.